Excursion to the Felixstowe and Ipswich district: Whitsuntide,June 3rd to 7th, 1922     

P.G.H. Boswell  I.S. Double 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1922,33(4):306-IN7

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Retrospective analysis: bile hydrocarbons and histopathology of demersal rockfish in Prince William Sound,Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill     

Marty GD  Hoffmann A  Okihiro MS  Hepler K  Hanes D 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(5):569-584

Demersal rockfish are the only fish species that have been found dead in significant numbers after major oil spills, but the link between oil exposure and effect has not been well established. After the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, several species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) from oiled and reference sites were analyzed for hydrocarbon metabolites in bile (1989-1991) and for microscopic lesions (1990 and 1991). Biliary hydrocarbons consistent with exposure to Exxon Valdez oil were elevated in 1989, but not in 1990 or 1991. Significant microscopic findings included pigmented macrophage aggregates and hepatic megalocytosis, fibrosis, and lipid accumulation. Site differences in microscopic findings were significant with respect to previous oil exposure in 1991 (P=0.038), but not in 1990. However, differences in microscopic findings were highly significant with respect to age and species in both years (P<0.001). We conclude that demersal rockfish were exposed to Exxon Valdez oil in 1989, but differences in microscopic changes in 1990 and 1991 were related more to age and species differences than to previous oil exposure.  相似文献   

Growth, behaviour, and digestive enzyme activity in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to rotifer lipid   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O'Brien-MacDonald  Kelly; Brown  Joseph A.; Parrish  Christopher C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(2):275-284

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The migration and distribution of Cubans and Puerto Ricans living in the United States     

Boswell TD 《The Journal of geography》1984,83(2):65-72

A new approach to solving some of the problems that information, education, and communication (IEC) programs have been facing is proposed. The approach is based on the use of the "Appropriate Practical and Technical Information Section Cube" (APTISC). The APTISC model can systematically identify 64 different types of IEC programs. The approach logically arises from the following principles of effective IEC and should therefore be acceptable: problem-oriented, people-oriented, practical oriented, and professional-or technical-oriented. To start developing the IEC program systematically, one begins by asking the following simple questions: what is the problem; who are the people responsible for these problems; and what type of professional or technical knowledge is needed to solve the lack of knowledge, attitude, practice, or IEC capabilities (KAPI). The problem may be lack of knowledge (K), attitude (A), practice (P), of IEC capabilities (I) or any combination of them. A lack of KAPI can arise from various groups of people, and these groups must be identified. The type of professional or technical knowledge needed to solve the lack of KAPI can be divided into 4 types, i.e., technical information, technical application, technical practice, and technical supervision. For the purpose of actually developing the program the identified cube can be broken down into 4 main components: M1 = man (who is the comminicator); M2 = message (to be received by the audience); M3 = method (to transmit the message); and M4 = media (to convey the message). Each of these components has to be identified before the program can be initiated. Other supporting components can also be considered, e.g., management, material, morale, and money. These should be analyzed in relation to IEC programs being developed. It is worth considering the application of the APTISC Approach in developing IEC programs. This approach will help maximize the effectiveness of available resources by concentrating them on the areas of greastest need.  相似文献   

River–aquifer interactions in a semi‐arid environment stressed by groundwater abstraction     

Andrew M. McCallum  Martin S. Andersen  Beatrice M. S. Giambastiani  Bryce F. J. Kelly  R. Ian Acworth 《水文研究》2013,27(7):1072-1085

Rivers and aquifers are, in many cases, a connected resource and as such the interactions between them need to be understood and quantified for the resource to be managed appropriately. The objective of this paper is to advance the understanding of river–aquifer interactions processes in semi‐arid environments stressed by groundwater abstraction. This is performed using data from a specific catchment where records of precipitation, evapotranspiration, river flow, groundwater levels and groundwater abstraction are analysed using basic statistics, hydrograph analysis and a simple mathematical model to determine the processes causing the spatial and temporal changes in river–aquifer interactions. This combined approach provides a novel but simple methodology to analyse river–aquifer interactions, which can be applied to catchments worldwide. The analysis revealed that the groundwater levels have declined (~ 3 m) since the onset of groundwater abstraction. The decline is predominantly due to the abstraction rather than climatic changes (r = 0.84 for the relationship between groundwater abstraction and groundwater levels; r = 0.92 for the relationship between decline in groundwater levels and magnitude of seasonal drawdown). It is then demonstrated that, since the onset of abstraction, the river has changed from being gaining to losing during low‐flow periods, defined as periods with flow less than 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 GL/day (1 GL/day = 1 × 10⁶ m³/day). If defined as < 1.0 GL/day, low‐flow periods constitute approximately 65% of the river flows; the periods where the river is losing at low‐flow conditions are thus significant. Importantly, there was a significant delay (> 10 years) between the onset of groundwater abstraction and the changeover from gaining to losing conditions. Finally, a relationship between the groundwater gradient towards the river and the river flow at low‐flow is demonstrated. The results have important implications for water management as well as water ecology and quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Last Glacial Maximum pollen record from Bodmin Moor showing a possible cryptic northern refugium in southwest England     

Ann Kelly  Dan J. Charman  Rewi M. Newnham 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(3):296-308

A late Devensian palynological record is presented from Dozmary Pool (Bodmin Moor, southwest England), beyond the southern limit of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) British Ice Sheet. The pollen assemblages indicate predominantly herbaceous tundra–steppe communities but also include elevated levels (typically 10–20%) of conifer tree pollen (Picea, Pinus, Abies) and lower but persistent percentages of broadleaf tree pollen during the LGM. This record is seemingly at odds with the orthodox view of an entirely treeless tundra–steppe environment for this region and elimination of tree species from the British Isles during glacial maxima. Long‐distance pollen transport seems an unlikely explanation for the tree pollen considering distance to the nearest known refugia, except possibly for Pinus. Reworking of the tree pollen, often invoked in these circumstances, remains a possible alternative, especially given the abundance of these trees in the region during early Devensian interstadials. However, this explanation has been challenged by studies reporting plant macrofossil and faunal evidence for survival of temperate biota during glacial maxima and from climate modelling work that suggests some trees could have survived the glacial extremes in areas well beyond the recorded glacial refugia. Assuming reworking was not a major factor, the Dozmary Pool pollen record is consistent with the ‘cryptic northern refugia hypothesis’ that invokes survival of trees in small, scattered populations under locally favourable conditions during glacial maxima. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The faunal relations of the Crag deposits of the Bentley district,Suffolk     

P.G.H. Boswell 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1924,35(3):212-220

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The role of snow processes and hillslopes on runoff generation in present and future climates in a recently constructed watershed in the Athabasca oil sands region     

Kelly M. Biagi  Sean K. Carey 《水文研究》2020,34(17):3635-3655

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A geostatistical model for estimating edge effects and cumulative human disturbance in wetlands and coastal waters     

John M. Humphreys  Amirsassan Mahjoor  Kelly Chinners Reiss  Andres Arias Uribe  Mark T. Brown 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(8):1508-1529

ABSTRACT

The modification of landscapes for agriculture, residential housing, and other human uses has the potential to alter ecosystem function, reduce native biodiversity, and to diminish the capacity of natural systems to provide essential goods and services. Resultantly, methods aimed at quantifying disturbance intensity at the intersection of anthropogenic and natural lands are important to applied aspects of landscape planning and natural resource management, as well as theoretical facets of spatial ecology. Tools to appraise human disturbance in wetlands and coastal waters are especially needed because the topographic settings of surface waters make them particularly susceptible to pollutant accumulation, hydrologic alteration, and other influences from the surrounding landscape. Assuming a water resources focus, we developed a novel geostatistical method to quantify and visualize edge effects and cumulative human disturbance for all wetlands and coastal waters in the State of Florida (USA). Model validation revealed that estimated disturbance intensity was strongly correlated to species richness, levels of heavy metal contamination, and persistent organic pollutant concentration. The presented modeling framework offers a flexible means to assess human disturbance across spatial scales and could be readily applied to prioritize conservation land acquisition and to anticipate future impacts from the proposed development.  相似文献   

Neighborhood Deterioration As A Factor In Intraurban Migration: A Case Study In New York City1     

Michael R. Greenberg  Thomas D. Boswell 《The Professional geographer》1972,24(1):11-16

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